History

Professors: Forster, Paxton, Stock, Wilson; Associate Professors: Canton, Downs, Garofalo; Assistant Professors: Bedasse, Chhabria, Davis, Kane, Manion; Professor Queen, chair

The Major in History

The major consists of ten or more history courses. At least seven of these courses must be above the introductory level, including a minimum of two 400-level courses and a minimum of one upper-level course outside the area of concentration.

As an introduction to the department's broad offerings, students must take one course in the history of four of the five geographical areas. This distribution requirement will normally be satisfied by three 100-level courses selected from Course 103 (Africa), Course 105 (United States), Course 107 (Europe), Course 113 or 115 or 116 (Asia), and Course 114 (Latin America and the Caribbean), and by one other 200-, 300-, or 400-level course. A First Year Seminar taught by a department professor can be substituted for one of these requirements. Not all courses satisfy this requirement and selections must be made in consultation with a departmental adviser. Introductory courses should be completed as early as possible and not later than the end of the junior year.

Students are also required to elect one course in Transnational/Global History. The rubric Transnational/Global History signifies history department courses that explore a topic or a theme by encouraging students to move beyond the nation-state, binary oppositions, and a particular region of the world to develop an appreciation of multiple historiographical discourses and recognize the multi-sided contributions to a given theme, topic, or region of the world.

The major must also include a concentration of at least five courses above the introductory level selected in consultation with a departmental adviser. The concentration may be planned in one of two ways:

1. Students may concentrate in one of the six geographical areas taught (Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, United States, and World).

2. Students may design their own concentration from among the department's courses according to a thematic, methodological or other suitable principle. Students who design their own concentration must do so in consultation with their adviser. Suggested themes include Globalization; Empires and Imperialism; Nations and Nationalism; Modern or Pre-Modern History; Race, Class and Gender; and Reforms, Reformations, and Revolutions.

Interdisciplinary work and languages: The History Department encourages foreign language competency and interdisciplinary work. Students may count one upper-level language course, chosen in consultation with their adviser, among the three required 300- and 400-level courses in the History major (although a language course may not substitute for the one required 400-level course). Students may also include one additional course in another discipline, chosen in consultation with their adviser, which enhances their concentration in History. Majors are strongly encouraged to undertake independent work in Individual Study courses and especially Honors Study. No student may receive credit for more than 16 history courses.

Advanced Placement: AP scores of 4 or 5 allow students to place out of appropriate introductory courses, but AP credits do not count toward the completion of the major. See page 344 of this catalog for general information about Advanced Placement credit.

Advisers: M. Bedasse, D. Canton, A. M. Davis, J. Downs, M. Forster, L. Garofalo, E. Kane, F. Paxton, S. Queen, C. Stock, L. Wilson

The Minor in History

The minor consists of five courses, at least one of which must be at the 300 or 400 level, and no more than one at the introductory level. Students who concentrate in one of the six areas of focus (United States, Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and World), must include one course from another area of focus. Students may also, in consultation with their adviser, devise a thematic concentration. In all cases, history minors may include one course from another department among the required five, if it enhances their concentration and is at the 200-level or above.

Learning Goals in the History Major

The history major is one of the oldest recognized majors at Connecticut College. Its curriculum has long reached beyond Euro-America to include the histories of people and nations on all continents. In the past decade, the department has increasingly emphasized comparative, transnational, and interdisciplinary perspectives through new course development, faculty hiring, and thematic tracks in the major. We expect students to develop an awareness and critical understanding of both the universality and the particularity of human experience, including differentiating factors such as religion, race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality. We also expect students to understand the development of structures of power and their consequences over time and space. These structures include patriarchy, capitalism, imperialism, and nationalism.

Students in the history major will learn to:

Read primary and secondary sources critically. Critical reading includes the ability to identify the perspective of the author, the relationship between the author and the audience, and the author’s intended and unintended meanings. Students also learn to explain an author′s main argument and place it within the context of larger historiographic issues and/or a broader range of original sources when appropriate.
Write clearly about historical topics, themes, and sources. Effective writing includes the ability to write both short well-argued response essays and longer research papers that incorporate primary and secondary sources derived from students′ own investigations. Some students choose a year-long honors project that requires extensive planning, conceptualizing, researching, and writing in close collaboration with a faculty advisor through an honors seminar.
Conduct historical research by locating primary resources both in libraries and at local archives, and by using online research databases, interlibrary loan, and other scholarly repositories.
Communicate ideas about readings and research orally to a group of peers and professors.

Courses

Introductory Courses

HISTORY 101 BIG HISTORY: THE BIG BANG TO THE PRESENT History on the largest scale: the origins of the universe to the present. An investigation of the fundamental forces shaping change and continuity across time, with an eye to how history and the historical sciences learn about the past. From the Big Bang to the evolution of humanity and our unfolding story.

Open to freshman and sophomores and to others with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 40 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. F. Paxton

HISTORY 103 AN INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN HISTORY A survey of the forces that have shaped African societies, religions, politics, and thought.

Offered both semesters. Enrollment limited to 40 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. Staff

HISTORY 105 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF THE U.S. The U.S. from its colonial origins to the present. Emphasis on the American Revolution, the Civil War and Reconstruction, the end of isolation, social reform, the welfare state, the Cold War, and the 1960s.

This course is a prerequisite for intermediate and advanced courses in the history of the United States. Offered both semesters. Enrollment limited to 40 students. D. Canton, J. Downs, C. Stock, L. Wilson

HISTORY 106 INTRODUCTION TO EURASIAN HISTORY: FROM THE MONGOLS TO THE SOVIETS An introduction to the history of Eurasia from the 13th century to the present. We will begin with a discussion of ″what is Eurasia,″ asking why it is that the sectioning off and study of something called "Eurasia" has become popular since the collapse of the USSR in 1991-1992. This is the same course as Slavic Studies 106.

Enrollment limited to 40 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. E. Kane

HISTORY 107 AN INTRODUCTION TO EUROPEAN HISTORY The development of the dominant ideas and institutions of Europe.

This course is a prerequisite for intermediate and advanced courses in European history. Offered both semesters. Enrollment limited to 40 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. M. Forster, F. Paxton

HISTORY 113 INTRODUCTION TO SOUTH ASIAN HISTORY An introduction to the histories of South Asian societies from pre-history to the present. The course surveys the broad trajectories which have made South Asian pasts and highlights the contests for the right to tell history throughout the centuries. Consideration is given to social, cultural, economic, and political issues.

Offered both semesters. Enrollment limited to 40 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. S. Chhabria

HISTORY 114 AN INTRODUCTION TO LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN HISTORY Amerindian cultures, invasion and settlement by Iberians and West Africans, and colonialism and independence. Central themes include the roots of indigenous civilizations; conquest and the creation of new societies; colonial social and economic structures; and the dynamics of race, occupation, and gender. This course may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Spanish. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Enrollment limited to 40 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 114f AN INTRODUCTION TO LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN HISTORY (In Spanish) This optional section will meet for additional hour each week to discuss supplemental texts in Spanish. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Course 114f must concurrently register for Course 114. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 115 AN INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE CIVILIZATION: IMAGINING THE CHINESE EMPIRE An examination of the major religious, political, and philosophical movements that have shaped Chinese civilization in the past and present.

Enrollment limited to 40 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. S. Queen

HISTORY 116 AN INTRODUCTION TO JAPANESE CIVILIZATION Japanese political, cultural, and economic transformations from 600 C.E. to the present.

Enrollment limited to 40 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. Staff

Intermediate Courses

HISTORY 201 INTRODUCTION TO AMERICAN STUDIES This is the same course as American Studies 201D/201S. Refer to the American Studies listing for a course description.

HISTORY 202 EMPIRE AND EXPANSION IN EAST ASIA, 1840s-1950s A consideration of colonial expansion in East Asia from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century. The course explores the competition for imperial status among major world powers, including Great Britain, France, the U.S., Netherlands, and Japan, within the contexts of industrialization, nationalism, new imperialism, and world war. This is the same course as East Asian Studies 202.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. A. M. Davis

HISTORY 203 THE COLONIAL HISTORY OF NORTH AMERICA A study of Native peoples, African captives, and Europeans in the Atlantic world context. Emphasis on cultural encounters, both peaceful and violent. This is the same course as American Studies 203.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This is a designated Writing course. L. Wilson

HISTORY 204 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY ERA An examination of the origins, character, and interpretations of the American revolution. Topics include the Great Awakening, domestic problems and imperial crisis, collapse of the old order, the revolutionary mentality and the mobilization of citizens, Articles of Confederation and the Critical Period, the federal constitution, and the new conception of society and politics. This is the same course as American Studies 204.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This is a designated Writing course. L. Wilson

HISTORY 205 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH An investigation of the history of politics, society, and economics in the U.S. South from the seventeenth-century to the mid-twentieth century. Topics include settlement and the Native Americans; slavery and emancipation; the planter class and the yeomanry; populism and industrialization; the New South and Jim Crow; civil rights and the rise of the conservative right.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Enrollment limited to 30 students. J. Downs

HISTORY 206 THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION Political and social history of the years 1831 to 1877, with emphasis on the growth of sectionalism, slavery, abolition, the course and consequence of the war, and Reconstruction.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. J. Downs

HISTORY 208 THE VIKINGS An examination of the reputation of the Vikings−were they ruthless marauders or much-maligned tourists? One goal is to question the reliability of various sources: sagas, poetry, annals, and material culture. The course considers the breadth of Viking influence, from North America to Byzantium.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. M. Mullane

HISTORY 209 THEORIZING RACE AND ETHNICITY This is the same course as American Studies/Comparative Race and Ethnicity 206. Refer to the American Studies listing for a course description. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 209f THEORIZING RACE AND ETHNICITY (In Spanish) This is the same course as American Studies 206f. Refer to the American Studies listing for a course description.

HISTORY 212 ″RACE″ IN COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA This course explores how concepts of "race" and enduring systems of discrimination emerged from Spain and Portugal's imperial projects. Long before scientific racism, the Spanish and Portuguese colonizers and architects of the Atlantic slave trade developed ways to mark difference and organize America's indigenous, Iberian, and African societies according to hierarchies of ethnicity, honor, gender,and religious purity.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen who have taken Course 114. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 213 THE AMERICAN WEST The exploration, settlement, and the political, social, and cultural development of the trans-Mississippi West from 1803 to 1890.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Enrollment limited to 30 students. C. Stock

HISTORY 214 POLITICS AND CULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES, 1890 TO 1945 An examination of political and cultural developments in the U.S., including the Progressive Movement, the 1920s, the Great Depression and New Deal, and the coming of World War II. This is the same course as American Studies 214. Students may not receive credit for both this course and History/American Studies 214 entitled, ″Politics and Culture in the United States Since 1917.″

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This is a designated Writing course. G. Heefner, C. Stock

HISTORY 215 POLITICS AND CULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1945 An examination of the major political and cultural developments of post-war U.S., including the creation of the military-industrial state, suburbanization, the Great Society and Vietnam War, the freedom movements of the 1960s, the conservative resurgence of the 1980s, and the Gulf Wars. This is the same course as American Studies/Comparative Race and Ethnicity 215. Students may not receive credit for both this course and History/American Studies 214 entitled, ″Politics and Culture in the United States Since 1917.″

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This is a designated Writing course. G. Heefner, C. Stock

HISTORY 216 MODERN LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY Latin America after independence, 1800s to the present. Covers the struggles over citizenship, slavery, European immigration, racial and gendered exclusion, and models of development and progress. Focus on the Andes, Brazil, Mexico, Haiti, and the Spanish Caribbean. Course 216 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Spanish. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen who have taken Course 114. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 216f MODERN LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (In Spanish) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Spanish. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Course 216f must concurrently enroll in History 216. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 217 SAME-SEX SEXUALITY IN WORLD HISTORY An examination of the history of same-sex love and sexuality in Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and North America from ancient times to the twentieth century. Topics include the changing nature and understanding of same-sex love, desire, and sexual acts; the relationship between legal, religious, and social views of same-sex sexuality; the way other cultural norms and social categories shaped attitudes towards same-sex sex. This is the same course as American Studies/Gender and Women′s Studies 217.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. J. Manion

HISTORY 219 REBELLION AND REVOLUTIONS IN LATIN AMERICA Rebellions and revolutions from the 1780s to the present in Mexico, Cuba and Haiti, and the Andes. What motivated men and women to rebel, or to launch peaceful social movements? How did ideologies regarding elections and economic models guide revolutionaries−armed or not−to transform all aspects of life including gender roles, religion, and race relations? Course 219 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Spanish. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. This is the same course as Comparative Race and Ethnicity 219.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen who have taken Course 114. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 219f REBELLION AND REVOLUTIONS IN LATIN AMERICA (In Spanish) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Spanish. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Course 219f must concurrently enroll in History 219. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 220 HISTORY OF GENDER IN THE ANDES AND MEXICO An exploration of sexual difference and gender ideologies in Peru and Mexico at key historical moments, from men and women's roles in Amerindian civilizations to women's revolutionary leadership and sexual politics today. This is the same course as Gender and Women's Studies 222.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen who have taken Course 114. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 222 WORLD WAR II AND POST-WAR JAPAN An examination ofJapan′s involvement in the Pacific War (i.e., the Pacific Theater of World War II) from the 1930s until surrender in 1945. In addition to exploring major events that led to war, the course emphasizes the legacies of war including post-war occupation, the U.S.-Japan security alliance, and national memory in ensuing decades. This is the same course as East Asian Studies 222. Course 222 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Japanese. Students participating in the forein language section will receive one additional crdit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Prerequisite: At least one History or East Asian Languages and Cultures course at the 100 or 200 level, or permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. A.M. Davis and T. Watanabe

HISTORY 222f WORLD WAR II AND POST-WAR JAPAN (In Japanese) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental texts in Japanese. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Course 222f must concurrently register for History/East Asian Studies 222. A. Davis and T. Watanabe

HISTORY 224 CONFUCIAN TRADITIONS A history from Confucius to contemporary times focusing on philosophical and religious dimensions of the tradition in comparative perspective. This is the same course as Philosophy 213/Religious Studies 208. Course 224 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Chinese. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Open to juniors and seniors; and to freshmen and sophomores who have taken Course 115; and to others with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. S. Queen

HISTORY 224f CONFUCIAN TRADITIONS (In Chinese) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Chinese. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing History 224f must concurrently enroll in History 224/Philosophy 213/Religious Studies 208. S. Queen

HISTORY 225 AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY 1865-PRESENT An examination of the development of the African American community in the United States from the end of slavery to the present. Emphasis on the political, social, and economic impact of racism, sexism, and classism. Themes include reconstruction, segregation, the great migration, black protest, black leadership, and the modern civil rights movement. This is the same course as American Studies/Comparative Race and Ethnicity 225.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen who have taken Course 105. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This is a designated Writing course. D. Canton

HISTORY 226 MAKING MODERN SOUTH ASIA A survey of modern South Asian history from 1600 to 1978, or Akbar through Indira Gandhi. The course begins at the height of the Mughal Empire with Akbar, and follows Mughal dissolution, the arrival of European trading companies, new forms of imperialism and colonialism, nationalist resistance, partition, and third-worldism.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. S. Chhabria

HISTORY 227 AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY 1619-1865 An examination of the development of the African American community in the United States from pre-colonial West Africa to 1865. Themes include slavery, slave communities, African cultural retention and synthesis, slave resistance, free black communities, black leadership, and the construction of race in North America. Emphasis on the political, social, and economic impact of racism, sexism, and classism. This is the same course as American Studies/Comparative Race and Ethnicity 227.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen who have taken Course 105. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This is a designated Writing course. D. Canton

History 229 PROPAGANDA AND TRUTH IN THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS This is the same course as Classics 229. Refer to the Classics listing for a course description.

HISTORY 230 ROMAN IMPERIALISM AND ITS CRITICS This is the same course as Classics 230. Refer to the Classics listing for a course description.

HISTORY 231 ROMANS, BARBARIANS, AND THE CHILDREN OF ABRAHAM, 300-1000 C.E. The transformation of the classical world and the emergence of the ″Sibling Cultures″ of Latin and Greek Christendom, Rabbinic Judaism, and the Dar al-Islam. This is the same course as Classics 231.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. F. Paxton

HISTORY 232 LATER MIDDLE AGES: CHRISTIANS, MUSLIMS, AND JEWS The history of the ″Sibling Cultures″ of Latin and Greek Christendom, Rabbinic Judaism, and the Dar al-Islam, ca. 1000-1453 C.E. From the Crusades to the Fall of Constantinople.

HISTORY 234 MODERN EUROPE, 1790s-1990s An introduction to the major political, social, cultural, and intellectual trends in Europe during this 200-year period. The course focuses on three themes − imperialism, revolution, and gender − and emphasizes the historical experience of Jews and Muslims in Europe.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. E. Kane

HISTORY 237 EARLY MODERN EUROPE, 1500-1750 The social, economic, political, and cultural transformations of Europe between the Reformation and the French Revolution; the rise of centralized states; developments in agrarian societies; and the growth of commercial capitalism. Course 237 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in German. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen who have taken Course 107. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. M. Forster

HISTORY 237f EARLY MODERN EUROPE, 1500-1750 (In German) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental texts in German. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Course 237f must concurrently register for Course 237. M. Forster

HISTORY 238 THE RENAISSANCE The cultural transformation of Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries, with emphasis on the social and political contexts of the Italian Renaissance; the spread of the Renaissance to the rest of Europe and its long-term impact.

HISTORY 239 REFORMATION AND COUNTER-REFORMATION The causes and impact of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations across Europe. The consequences of religious reform for religious belief and practice, politics, and society. The theologies of Luther, Zwingli, Calvin, and Loyola; religious conflict; and the long-term results of the Reformation. Course 239 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in German. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen who have taken Course 107. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. M. Forster

HISTORY 239f REFORMATION AND COUNTER-REFORMATION (In German) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental texts in German. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Course 239f must concurrently register for Course 239. M. Forster

HISTORY 242 THE HISTORY OF WOMEN AND GENDER IN THE UNITED STATES History of Asian, African American, Euro American, Latina, and Native American women in the United States. Topics include race and gender, comparative gender roles in diverse cultures, and their development in the United States. This is the same course as American Studies/Gender and Women's Studies 242.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. Formerly History 464; cannot receive credit for both courses. This is a designated Writing course. L. Wilson

HISTORY 243 A DIFFICULT PAST: GERMAN HISTORY, 1850-2000 An examination of German history in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries focusing on the uses and abuses of the study of the past. The nationalist narrative of German history, the centrality of Hitler, Nazism, and the Holocaust, and the nature of political and cultural division in the Cold War era. This is the same course as German Studies 243. This course is not open to students who have received credit for Freshman Seminar 101. Course 243 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in German. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen who have taken Course 107. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. M. Forster

HISTORY 243f A DIFFICULT PAST: GERMAN HISTORY, 1850-2000 (In German) This optional section of German Studies/History 243 will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in German. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Course 243f must concurrently enroll in German Studies/History 243. This is the same course as German Studies 243f. M. Forster

HISTORY 247 THE SOVIET UNION AND ITS LEGACIES An exploration of how the Soviet Union - - the world′s first socialist state - - came into being, why it eventually fell apart, and its legacies up to today. This is the same course as Slavic Studies 247.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. E. Kane

HISTORY 248 NARRATIVES OF ILLNESS An introduction to the history of medicine and public health. The course considers how the meaning of illness changes over time and varies by place, examining two distinct intersections: the dialogue between patient and doctor and the relationship between the medical profession and the state. This is the same course as American Studies 248.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This is a designated Writing course. J. Downs

HISTORY 249 EARLY ISLAMIC HISTORY The rise of Islam and the transformation of the Middle East into an Islamic Society. From Muhammad to the Mongols.

HISTORY 250 ISSUES IN THE HISTORY OF MODERN AFRICA, 1884 TO THE PRESENT An exploration of important themes in the history of modern Africa, based on readings that cover different geographic regions of the African continent. Topics include the impact of European colonialism, anticolonialism, nationalism, women in modern Africa, and the impact of globalization on Africa.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen who have taken Course 103. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. Staff

HISTORY 252 ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE Changes to the land and ecology both shape human history and often result from human action. Conquest and colonization represent two of the most powerful forces in environmental history. Today neocolonial exploitation of resources and populations provoke bitter struggles over environmental justice across the globe, often involving gendered and racial marginalization. This course may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Spanish. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. This is the same course as Comparative Race and Ethnicity/Gender and Women's Studies 252.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 253 AFRICA IN THE AMERICAS An introduction to the history of the African diaspora with a focus on the Americas. The course will engage the following questions: What is the African diaspora? What led to the dispersal of Africans throughout the Americas? What is the impact of the African presence on the New World? How have diasporic Africans constructed identities and how have such identities shifted over time?

HISTORY 254 CONFRONTING IMAGES OF MODERN JAPAN Samurai, geisha, and Godzilla: such iconic images of modern Japan and their antecedents will be examined through texts and visual materials, traditional as well as popular, including manga and anime. The course considers how these representations fit into their historical milieu both in the West and in Japan. In questioning these images, students will confront entrenched conceptualizations of east and west, modernity, gender, and race. This is the same course as East Asian Studies 254. Course 254 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Japanese. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. T. Watanabe

HISTORY 254f CONFRONTING IMAGES OF MODERN JAPAN (In Japanese) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplement readings in Japanese. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing East Asian Studies/History 254f must concurrently enroll in East Asian Studies/History 254. This is the same course as East Asian Studies 254f. T. Watanabe

HISTORY 255 SOUTH ASIA IN THE POSTCOLONIAL WORLD A survey of South Asia (mainly focusing on India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka) from 1947 to the present, contextualizing major political issues which are common to the postcolonial world: forms of violence, statecraft, development, and democracy. We will read thematically to understand the region's contemporary history. This is the same course as Comparative Race and Ethnicity 255.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. S. Chhabria

HISTORY 262 MODERN CHINA: CHANGING NATIONAL IDENTITIES IN A TRANSNATIONAL EAST ASIA The collapse of the old empire and the reforms, rebellions, and revolutions that have shaped China's efforts to construct a new social and political order.

Open to juniors and seniors, and to others who have taken Course 115, Course 224/Philosophy 213, or Course 278/Philosophy 214. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. S. Queen

HISTORY 264 THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE, 1700-1920s An exploration of the rise and fall of the Russian Empire from its beginnings under Peter the Great to its transformation into the Soviet Union after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Major themes explored in the course will include: imperial expansion, internal diversity, and various 19^th −century challenges to empire. This is the same course as Slavic Studies 264.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. E. Kane

HISTORY 269 IMMIGRATION TO THE U.S. SINCE 1820 An overview of immigration to the United States in three periods, 1820-1860, 1890-1924, and 1965-Present.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. C. Stock

HISTORY 270 HISTORY OF SEXUALITY IN THE U. S. Through social history and queer theory, the course will chart the idea that sex has a history and examine how the study of sexuality connects with larger themes in U.S. social, political, and cultural history. Topics include reproduction, birth control, prostitution, sexual health and disease, interracial sexualities, same-sex relationships, and heterosexuality. This is the same course as American Studies/Gender and Women's Studies 270.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course is not open to students who have received credit for American Studies/Gender and Women′s Studies/History 453. J. Manion

HISTORY 272 BERLIN This interdisciplinary team-taught course will examine the history, culture, and architecture of the city of Berlin since the 18th century. Readings in history, literature, and urban studies will focus on the Berlin of old Prussia and Bismarck through the Weimar era and the Nazi dictatorship up to the divided city of the Cold War and the Berlin of Reunification. This is the same course as German Studies 272. Course 272 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in German. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. G. Atherton, M. Forster

HISTORY 272f BERLIN (In German) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental texts in German. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Course 272f must concurrently register for History/German Studies 272. This is the same course as German Studies 272f. G. Atherton, M. Forster

HISTORY 278 DAOIST TRADITIONS A history from Laozi to contemporary times focusing on the philosophical and mystical aspects of the tradition in comparative perspective. This is the same course as Philosophy 214/Religious Studies 209. Course 278 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Chinese. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Open to juniors and seniors; and to freshmen and sophomores who have taken Course 115 or Course 224/Philosophy 213; and to others with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 30 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7 and is a designated Writing course. S. Queen

HISTORY 278f DAOIST TRADITIONS (In Chinese) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Chinese. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing History 278f must concurrently enroll in History 278/Philosophy 214/Religious Studies 209. S. Queen

HISTORY 299 CASES AND HISTORY OF EQUALITY This is the same course as Sophomore Research Seminar 299A. Refer to the College Courses listing for a course description.

Advanced Courses

HISTORY 304 THE HISTORY OF HIP HOP MUSIC AND CULTURE IN POST INDUSTRIAL AMERICA 1973-PRESENT This course explores the political, social, and cultural impact of Hip Hop Music and Culture in American society and the world including the different forms of rap music (pop, social conscious, and southern) and explores the tensions between authenticity and mass appeal. The course also examines the impact that deindustrialization, Reaganomics, and the dot.com boom had on the artists and the industry.

Open to juniors and seniors, and to sophomores with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 20 students. This is a designated Writing course. D. Canton

HISTORY 306 GLOBALIZATION OF URBAN POVERTY An examination of the post-World War II history of urban poverty, labor, housing, and slums, in the non-western world, with the aim of understanding the most recent manifestations of globalization and inequality.

Enrollment limited to 20 students. This course satisfies General Education Area 7. S. Chhabria

HISTORY 309 THE HISTORY OF SLAVERY AND EMANCIPATION IN THE AMERICAS This course will examine the origins of slavery in the Americas focusing on the United States, but also considering the slavery in the Caribbean and Latin America. Topics include the slave trade, the organization of labor, gender and family relations, resistance and rebellion, slave culture, and emancipation. This is the same course as American Studies/Gender and Women′s Studies 309.

Open to juniors and seniors, and to others with permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 20 students. This is a designated Writing course. J. Downs

HISTORY 313 THE AMERICAN WEST IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY A readings course that explores the history of the American West in the post-frontier era. Topics include Dust Bowl and New Deal, World War II, the rise of the Red Power and Chicano rights movements, urbanization, the conservation movement, and the nuclear industry.

Open to sophomore, junior, and senior American Studies or History majors; and to others with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 20 students. This is a designated Writing course. C. Stock

History 314 GRECO-ROMAN HISTORIOGRAPHY This is the same course as Classics 314. Refer to the Classics listing for a course description.

HISTORY 317 EARLY GREECE AND WESTERN CIVILIZATION: A DISPUTED LEGACY This is the same course as Classics 317. Refer to the Classics listing for a course description.

HISTORY 319 THE COLD WAR IN THE THIRD WORLD An examination of intervention by superpowers in the Third World during the Cold War. The course considers the following questions: Why did the developing world become the focus of Cold War rivalries and what did the superpowers hope to gain? How did nations and leaders in the Third World affect this process? What are the legacies of American involvement in the developing world? This is the same course as American Studies 319.

Open to juniors and seniors, and to sophomores with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 20 students. This is a designated Writing course. G. Heefner

HISTORY 320 FROM TEA TO CONNECTICUT ROLLS: DEFINING JAPANESE CULTURE THROUGH FOOD An exploration of Japanese food traditions as a site in which cultural values are contested and disseminated for national consumption. Through study of Japan′s foodways, such as the tea ceremony, sushi, whaling, and fusion cuisines, we uncover the aesthetics, politics, and intercultural exchange that characterize Japanese history. This is the same course as East Asian Studies 320. Course 320 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Japanese. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Prerequisite: One of the following: Course 115, 116, 224, 278; Art History 225; or East Asian Studies 101. Enrollment limited to 20 students. T. Watanabe

HISTORY 320f FROM TEA TO CONNECTICUT ROLLS: DEFINING JAPANESE CULTURE THROUGH FOOD (In Japanese) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Japanese. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Course 320f must concurrently enroll in East Asian Studies/History 320. This is the same course as East Asian Studies 320f. T. Watanabe

HISTORY 324 DISSENT AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN EAST ASIA Literary and political protest in modern China, focusing on the voices of China's students and intellectuals. Emphasis on the relationship between dissent and democratic reform in the modern period.

Prerequisite: Course 262, Course 224/Philosophy 213, or Course 278/Philosophy 214, or permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 20 students. S. Queen

HISTORY 325 HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHINA An exploration of the history of human rights in China, the ongoing debates over moral universalism and cultural diversity, andthe ″Asian values″ debate concerning the influence of Confucian culture on human rights in China and East Asia.

Enrollment limited to 20 students. S. Queen

HISTORY 326 ETHNOHISTORY OF MINORITY COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND This is the same course as American Studies/Anthropology 325. Refer to the Anthropology listing for a course description.

HISTORY 330 MEDITATIONS ON THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN SOUTH Using an interdisciplinary approach, this course will explore the history of the southeastern United States from the colonial period to the present by investigating how various writers, artists, and historians have represented and defined the meaning of "The South." This is the same course as American Studies/Gender and Women’s Studies 330.

Prerequisite: Course 105. Enrollment limited to 20 students. This is a designated Writing course. J. Downs

HISTORY 334 HISTORICIZING 9/11 INTERNATIONALLY AND LOCALLY Explores the historical context of September 11, 2001 through examination of the history of foreign affairs beginning in the late 18th century with the founding of the nation and continuing throughout the 20th century. The course also investigatesthe impact of global changes at the local level, particularly in New London. In an effort to connect the study of history to the larger New London community, the course will include an oral history component that will require students to conduct oral interviews of New London residents on a range of historical issues based on the first objective of the course. This is the same course as American Studies 334.

Prerequisite: Course 105 or American Studies 201. Enrollment limited to 20 students. This is a designated Writing course. J. Downs

HISTORY 338 THE MIDDLE AGES IN BIG HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: NORTHWESTERN EUROPE AND THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST, 400-1400 A.D. The history of the American Southwest during the so-called Middle Ages has much in common with the history of Northwestern Europe. This course will explore how much, and why, from the perspectives of global climate change and the ways agricultural economies experience cultural efflorescence or decay under similar conditions.

Open to juniors and seniors, and to others with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 20 students. This is a designated Writing course. F. Paxton

HISTORY 340 THE DEEP HISTORY OF HUMANITY An examination of human history in deep time, from the last ice age to the first civilizations.

Open to junior and senior history majors, and to others with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 20 students. This is a designated Writing course. F. Paxton

HISTORY 341 CRIME AND PUNISHMENT IN U.S. HISTORY An examination of the changing philosophies and practices of crime and punishment from the Enlightenment to modern times. Topics include moral attitudes toward criminality, the birth of the penitentiary, gender and crime, prison reform work, criminal classification, systemic race and racism, social control and poverty, institutional heterosexism, and the prison industrial complex. This is the same course as American Studies/Gender and Women's Studies 341.

Open to juniors and seniors, and to sophomores with permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 20 students. This is a designated Writing course. J. Manion

HISTORY 344 CROSSING THE SEA: TRANSATLANTIC DIALOGUE BETWEEN SPAIN AND THE AMERICAS An interdisciplinary exploration of the permanent, problematic, and enriching dialogue between Spain and the Americas. This transatlantic interaction began in 1492, reached a breaking point with the 19th century revolutions, and continues to shape the conflicts of our global moment. Through the analysis of historical texts, literary artifacts, and films, the course considers key issues such as conquest, slavery, modernity, post-colonialism, and immigration. Sources include Las Casas, Carlos Fuentes, Bolívar, Martí, and Guillermo del Toro. This is the same course as Comparative Race and Ethnicity/Hispanic Studies 344. Course 344 may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Spanish. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors; and to freshmen with permission of the instructors. Enrollment limited to 20 students. L. Garofalo and L. González

HISTORY 344f CROSSING THE SEA: TRANSATLANTIC DIALOGUE BETWEEN SPAIN AND THE AMERICAS (In Spanish) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Spanish. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Hispanic Studies/History 344f must concurrently enroll in Hispanic Studies/History 344. This is the same course as Hispanic Studies 344f. L. Garofalo and L. González

HISTORY 400 LEVEL SEMINARS

Advanced research and reading courses on designated topics. Unless otherwise stated, open to junior and senior history majors without prerequisite and to others with permission of the instructor. Enrollment in each seminar limited to 16students.

HISTORY 410 ″DRAG YOU OFF TO MILLEDGEVILLE″: MIND, POWER, AND MENTAL HEALTH This is the same course as American Studies/Gender and Women′s Studies 410. Refer to the Gender and Women′s Studies listing for a course description.

HISTORY 415 EAST AFRICA SINCE 1945 A focuson key historical events and ideas in East Africa since 1945. Explores the economic, cultural, and political factors that have historically created some regional integration (East Africa as a region), as well as the formation of individual nation states (i.e., Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda). Significant themes such as nationalism, decolonization, socialism, pan-Africanism, gender, and religion will be explored, with a view to examining the perspectives of different historical actors and the challenges that varying points of view pose to the construction of individual nation-states in East Africa and to the notion of East Africa as a region.

Open to junior and senior history majors without prerequisite and to others with permission of the instructor. M. Bedasse

HISTORY 416 RASTAFARI, REGGAE, AND RESISTANCE This seminar traces the history of the Rastafarian movement from its beginnings in Jamaica in the early 1930s to its international popularity. Themes include Rastafari as culture, Bob Marley as Rastafarian messenger, Rastafari as political theory, Pan-Africanism, and Rastafarian women.

Prerequisite: Open to juniors and seniors who have taken at least one course in the history of Africa, Latin America, or the African diaspora in the New World. This is a designated Writing course. M. Bedasse

HISTORY 417 THE CAROLINGIAN AGE IN EUROPE Advanced research on the politics, warfare, religion, society, and culture of Europe in the 8th and 9th centuries: the rise of the Carolingian dynasty, the age of Charlemagne, the Carolingian empire and its collapse.

Open to junior and senior history majors without prerequisite and to others with permission of the instructor. This is a designated Writing course. F. Paxton

HISTORY 420 CHINA'S CONFUCIAN LEGACY Confucian ethics in its traditional setting and its modern transformation. Emphasis on the ways in which Confucianism has transformed and been transformed by the forces of modernization in East Asia.

Prerequisite: Course 224/Philosophy 213 or Course 278/Philosophy 214, or permission of the instructor. S. Queen

HISTORY 421 CHINA'S DAOIST LEGACY An in-depth study of a Daoist text or theme in Daoist history. This course may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Chinese. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking.

Prerequisite: Course 224/Philosophy 213 or Course 278/Philosophy 214, or permission of the instructor. This is a designated Writing course. S. Queen

HISTORY 421f CHINA′S DAOIST LEGACY (In Chinese) This optional section will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental texts in Chinese. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Course 421f must concurrently register for History 421. S. Queen

HISTORY 426 HISTORY OF GENDER AND SEXUALITY IN JAPAN, 1850s-1980s An examination of ways in which gender and sexuality have shaped modern and contemporary Japanese history. Topics include discourses of sexuality, technologies of reproduction, sexual divisions of labor, and the family. This is the same course as Gender and Women′s Studies 426.

Prerequisite: One of the following: Course 116, East Asian Studies 101, or Gender and Women′s Studies 103; or permission of the instructor. This is a designated Writing course. A. M. Davis

HISTORY 427 THE CHINESE BODY An exploration of Chinese conceptions of the body, bodily health and illness, vitality and power, healing and medicine past and present. This is the same course as East Asian Studies 427.

This is a designated Writing course. S. Queen

HISTORY 440 POPULAR CULTURE IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE The attempt of European elites to discipline and suppress popular and traditional festivities, rituals, and beliefs. The significance of the witch craze, popular religion, and popular forms of protest and resistance.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. This is a designated Writing course. M. Forster

HISTORY 441 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION The causes, course, and consequences of the French Revolution from 1789 through the Napoleonic Era. Focus on the collapse of the monarchy, the Reign of Terror, and the rise of Napoleon.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. M. Forster

HISTORY 444 IMPERIAL LIVES: MERCHANTS, MISSIONARIES, AND MIGRANTS ACROSS THE EUROPEAN EMPIRES An exploration ofhow European empires were experienced by the many different kinds of people caught up in them. We will look at how empire created new connections across vast expanses, caused mixing of peoples, ideas, and cultures that had previously had little contact, and made possible the mobility of ideas, people, goods across great distances.

Open to junior and senior history majors without prerequisite and to others with permission of the instructor. This is a designated Writing course. E. Kane

HISTORY 448 HUMAN TRAFFICKING: PROSTITUTION AND SEX-SLAVERY IN NORTHEAST ASIA, WESTERN EUROPE, AND THE U.S. SINCE 1850 An examination of recent public debates regarding human trafficking within an historical context. The course explores socio-political relationships between sex trafficking, public health polities, and the projects of modern nation- and empire-building. This analysis is limited to sexual exploitation and (usually non-voluntary) prostitution. This is the same course as Gender and Women′s Studies 448.

Open to junior and senior majors in History, East Asian Studies, and Gender and Women′s Studies; and to others with permission of the instructor. This is a designated Writing course. A. M. Davis

HISTORY 449 J.R.R. TOLKIEN: PHILOLOGIST, MEDIEVALIST, CATHOLIC HUMANIST An examination of Tolkien′s professional life, personal experiences, and scholarly and popular writings. Emphasis on how his service during World War I, profound spirituality, and love of and desire to (re)create language and myth shaped his literary production, from his critical essay on Beowulf to the Lord of the Rings.

This is a designated Writing course. M. Mullane

HISTORY 450 LATIN AMERICAN IMMIGRATION AND MIGRATION The movement of people within Latin America and of Latin Americans abroad. Topics include Iberian colonization; the African Diaspora; Asian, German and Jewish immigrants; rural-to-urban migration; and Latin Americans in the United States and Connecticut, including migrant labor, bilingual education, gender roles, racism, and transnational identity. This course may include an optional section that will meet for an additional hour each week to discuss supplemental readings in Spanish. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. This is the same course as American Studies 450.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 450f LATIN AMERICAN IMMIGRATION AND MIGRATION (In Spanish) This optional section of History 450f will meet for additional hour each week to discuss supplemental texts in Spanish. Students participating in the foreign language section will receive one additional credit hour, pass/not passed marking. Students electing Course 450f must concurrently register for Course 450. L. Garofalo

HISTORY 454 THE REAGAN REVOLUTION: AMERICAN CONSERVATISM, 1940-1990 To understand the rise of Ronald Reagan and his ongoing legacy -- indeed, to make sense of ongoing debates about the nature of conservatism -- this seminar explores broader historical questions about progressivism, conservatism, the welfare state, the cold war, popular culture, the media, and the presidency. This is the same course as American Studies 454.

Open to juniors and seniors who have taken a course in United States history. This is a designated Writing course. G. Heefner

HISTORY 457 NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA A research seminar exploring the major turning points in the history of the United States during the 19th century, particularly the market revolution, slavery, women's suffrage, environmentalism, borderlands, and the rise of industrialization. While the focus of the course will be on the continental United States, the final weeks will examine the U.S. presence in Southwestern borderlands and in Latin America. This is the same course as American Studies 457.

Open to junior and senior history or American studies majors. This is a designated Writing course. J. Downs

HISTORY 458 SOUTH OF CANADA IS THE MASON-DIXON LINE: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN THE NORTH, 1925-1975 This course examines the civil rights struggle in the North and the Black Power Movement. Students explore the role played by local black professionals and members of the working class, who participated in local movements and fought to eradicate de facto segregation in housing, education, employment, and public accommodations. This is the same course as American Studies/Comparative Race and Ethnicity 458.

Open to juniors and seniors. D. Canton

HISTORY 460 THE BLACK FREEDOM STRUGGLE 1946-1968 This seminar examines the history of the modern civil rights movement. In addition to traditional leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., this course explores the contributions of lesser-known figures such as Ella Baker, and the impact of local movements. This course studies civil rights activity in northern cities, and examines the tensions of class, "black middle-class respectability," and gender in the black community. D. Canton

HISTORY 463 CITY UPON THE HILL: SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY NEW ENGLAND AND AMERICAN IDENTITY A study of early New England society. Topics include Puritan religious practices, democracy and town meetings, the seafaring and merchant economy, family patterns and sexual mores, and modern legacies of this tradition. This is the same course as American Studies 463.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Enrollment in each seminar limited to 16students.

This is a designated Writing course. L. Wilson

HISTORY 465 THE GLOBALIZATION OF AMERICAN CULTURE SINCE 1945 This is the same course as American Studies 465. Refer to the American Studies listing for a course description.

HISTORY 467 THE HISTORY AND POLITICS OF RACISM AND PUBLIC HEALTH The relationship between racism and public health and medicine from slavery through the 20th century. Topics include racism and the construction of epidemics; the Tuskegee experiments; tuberculosis and urban life; gender, sexuality and AIDS; reproductive rights and poverty; and the origin of black people's systems of health care and support. J. Downs

HISTORY 468 RACE AND SEX IN EARLY AMERICA An exploration of questions of race, class, gender, and sexuality in Early America from the settlement of Jamestown in 1607 through the post-revolutionary period two hundred years later. Students will examine the experience of historical subjects who existed on the margins of the social and political order such as Native Americans, African-American slaves, poor people, women of all races, and free African Americans. This course will also examine the cultural production of images, language, and symbols that gave meaning to categories of identity and difference, particularly those of race and gender. This is the same course as American Studies/Gender and Women′s Studies 468.

This is a designated Writing course. J. Manion

HISTORY 476 THE GLOBAL 1960s A transnational study of the dramatic social, political, and cultural transformations that occurred during the 1960s, including decolonization, the African-American freedom struggle, the Vietnam War, the Cultural Revolution in China, the sexual revolution, and student protest movements that took place around the world. This is the same course as American Studies 476.

Open to juniors and seniors majoring in History or American Studies, or with permission of the instructor. This is a designated Writing course. G. Heefner

HISTORY 491, 492 INDIVIDUAL STUDY

HISTORY 495 HONORS STUDY (see description under Course 497)

HISTORY 497-498 HONORS STUDY

HISTORY 497 HONORS STUDY (SEMINAR) A seminar in research techniques, historiography, and historical methodology. Students who successfully complete the seminar may enroll the following semester in Course 498 and complete an honors thesis. Students who successfully complete the seminar but who do not enroll in Course 498 will receive credit for Course 495. Course 497 is required of all first-semester honors students in history.

Permission of the instructor is required. Enrollment limited to senior history majors.

HISTORY 498 HONORS STUDY

Course 497 is prerequisite to Course 498.