Date of Manuscript

In 1935, Seymour De Ricci, in his Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada, suggested 1653 as the date for the San Diego Choir Book. The manuscript's colophon suggests an earlier medieval dating. A small rectangle of vellum has been cut from the colophon and replaced with one on which "1453" is written. This is not a recent adjustment, and the patch is plainly seen. Its age and color match the page, and the ink and hand has the appearance of that used in the rest of the colophon. Both suggested dates are erroneous.

On 26 recto of the manuscript, a Latin rubric precedes a lengthy antiphon honoring the name of Jesus, and states that the chant is to be used at Vespers on January 14, for the feast of the Holy Name of Jesus, as mandated by His Holiness Pope Benedict XIII in his decree of January 20, 1728.

There is nothing about this rubric, visual or otherwise, which suggests that it is a later addition, and its inclusion is in context with the text that precedes and follows it. A manuscript created in 1453 cannot refer by name to a pope who came to the Chair of Peter in 1724, almost three hundred years later, nor can a manuscript created in 1653. While discrediting these dates, this rubric does help to establish a time frame for the manuscript, the parameters of which are completed through one of its many ties to the Franciscan Order. These ties include prayers used on the feast day of the Franciscan saints, Pascal Baylon, a lay Franciscan brother who died in 1592 and was canonized in 1690; Catherine of Bologna, a superior of an Italian convent who died in 1463 and was canonized in 1712; and Colette, a reformer of the Poor Clares, who died in 1447 and was canonized in 1807.

It is the reference to Colette which establishes the second parameter for the dating of the manuscript. Colette, who was not canonized until 1807, is referred to as Beatus Colette rather than Saint Colette. The canonization process requires many levels of investigation and examination by a papal committee into the deceased candidate's life. At the penultimate stage, the candidate receives the title of Beatified or Beatus, and veneration is approved if it is restricted to a town or congregation. The reference to Beatus Colette suggests 1807, the date of her canonization, as the latest date for the manuscript, the earliest being 1728, the date of Pope Benedict's decree.

The choir book has been rebound with black calf on wooden boards. Rebinding is a fairly common occurrence in old manuscripts, but oddly, the word PSALTER is engraved in gold on the spine of the choir book in spite of the fact that it neither contains psalms, nor fits the definition of a psalter in any way. It is unclear whether the new binding, classification and changed colophon were done to mend, to protect or to fraudulently increase the value of the choir book.

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